All-Wheel-Drive Torque Distribution Strategy for Electric Vehicle Optimal Efficiency Considering Tire Slip

The existing energy management strategies for four-wheel-drive electric vehicles only take into account the vehicle consumption under static adhesion constraints. However, front and rear axle loads transfer dynamic conditions lead to variations of characteristics, which results in changes consumptions. In this paper, a multi-objective optimal torque distribution strategy is proposed, taking load characteristics. advantages proposed are verified through simulation studies terms wheel slip ratio, comparison with average based on Sequential Quadratic Programming Algorithm. show that economy performance superior those competing methods. Furthermore, provides good power eliminates excessive slip, turn ensures longitudinal stability avoids loss resulting from frequent ASR interventions.